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فلسفة أرسطو هي واحدة من أكثر أنظمة الفكر شمولا وتأثيرا على الإطلاق. وهو يشمل تقريبا جميع جوانب المعرفة الإنسانية ، من المنطق والميتافيزيقيا إلى الأخلاق وعلم الجمال.

أحد الموضوعات المركزية لفلسفة أرسطو هو فكرة أن كل شيء في الكون له هدف أو وظيفة. يعرف هذا باسم نظرته الغائية للعالم. يعتقد أرسطو أن كل الأشياء تسعى جاهدة للوصول إلى إمكاناتها الكاملة أو كمالها.

مفهوم آخر مهم في فلسفة أرسطو هو فكرة الأسباب الأربعة. هذه هي السبب المادي ، والسبب الرسمي ، والسبب الفعال ، والسبب النهائي. السبب المادي هو الأشياء التي يتكون منها شيء ما. السبب الرسمي هو النمط أو الشكل الذي يتخذه السبب المادي. السبب الفعال هو العامل الذي يجلب شيئا ما إلى الوجود. والسبب النهائي هو الغرض أو الوظيفة لشيء ما.

طور أرسطو أيضا نظرية متطورة للأخلاق. كان يعتقد أن أعلى خير للبشر هو eudaimonia ، والذي غالبا ما يترجم إلى “السعادة” أو “الازدهار”. يتم تحقيق Eudaimonia من خلال عيش حياة فاضلة وتحقيق إمكانات الفرد الكاملة.

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